CHAP. 87.—PROGNOSTICS DERIVED FROM AQUATIC ANIMALS,
AND BIRDS.
The animals, too, afford us certain presages; dolphins, for
instance, sporting in a calm sea, announce wind in the quarter
from which they make their appearance.[1] When they throw
up the water in a billowy sea, they announce the approach of
a calm. The loligo,[2] springing out of the water, shell-fish
adhering to various objects, sea-urchins fastening by their
stickles upon the sand, or else burrowing in it, are so many in-
dications of stormy weather: the same, too, when frogs[3] croak
more than usual, or coots[4] make a chattering in the morning.
Divers, too, and ducks, when they clean their feathers with
the bill, announce high winds; which is the case also when the
aquatic birds unite in flocks, cranes make for the interior, and
divers[5] and sea-mews forsake the sea or the creeks. Cranes
when they fly aloft in silence announce fine weather, and so
does the owlet,[6] when it screeches during a shower; but it
is heard in fine weather, it presages a storm. Ravens, too,
when they croak with a sort of gurgling noise and shake their
feathers, give warning of the approach of wind, if their
note is continuous: but if, on the other hand, it is smothered,
and only heard at broken intervals, we may expect rain, accompanied
with high winds. Jackdaws, when they return
late from feeding, give notice of stormy weather, and the same
with the white birds,[7] when they unite in flocks, and the
land birds, when they descend with cries to the water and
besprinkle themselves, the crow more particularly. The
swallow,[8] too, when it skims along the surface of the water,
so near as to ripple it every now and then with its wings, and
the birds that dwell in the trees, when they hide themselves
in their nests, afford similar indications; geese, too, when
they set up a continuous gabbling,[9] at an unusual time, and
the heron,[10] when it stands moping in the middle of the sands.
1. Theophrastus, Cicero, and Plutarch state to a similar effect; and it
is corroborated by the experience of most mariners.
2. The ink-fish; Sepia loligo of Linnæus. See B. ix. c. 21.
3. Virgil says the same, Georg. i. 378.
4. "Fulicæ." See B. x. c. 61, and B. xi. c. 44.
5. Virgil says the same of the diver, or didapper,Georg. i. 361; and Lucan,
Pharsalia, v. 553.
6. Both Theophrastus and Ælian mention this.
7. It is not known what bird is here alluded to, but Fée is probably
right in suggesting a sort of sea-mew, or gull.
8. This is still considered a prognostic of rain. Fée says that
the swallow descends thus near to the surface to catch the insects on
the wing, which are now disabled from rising by the hygrometric state
of the atmosphere.
9. This is confirmed by experience.
10. On the contrary, Lucan says (Pharsalia, B. v. 1. 549), that on the
approach of rain, the heron soars in the upper regions of the air;
and Virgil says the same, Georg. i. 364.